Powerful Tools for Teaching and learning web 2.0 Tools

   Powerful Tools for Teaching and learning web 2.0 Tools

Powerful Tools for Teaching and learning web 2.0 Tools

    Web  2.0 is the term given to describe a second generation of the world wide web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Other improved functionally of web 2.0 including open communication with emphasis on web based community of users and open for sharing information . The web 2.0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer – science based term. Blogs, wikis and web services are all seen as component of web 2.0 . This tool previously used as a synonym for semantic web.

     Nowadays we have witness unprecedented advance in ICT . There advance have also affected the world of education and language filed. In a present time use of technologies in education system is a popularity. Everyone has their own various experience to using technology. It is a helpful in a teaching and learning . This course explore the learning process as well as teaching skill like LSRW skills.

  The use of technology in educational settings are so many benefits. It can increase motivation, decrease anxiety faster more student centered activity, provided authentic material  web 2.0 tools use interactivity to language teaching.

Various tools for language learning
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
Blogs
Skype

Instagram : mobile phone and internet give a facilities to a Lerner's . There are many platform provide a knowledge. There are several pages to learn and teach language. Through the Instagram we can communicate with native speaker. In the Instagram is platform of sharing Idea, knowledge, photos and videos . Now it is several pages also based on learning purpose. Which helped to improve vocabulary and LSRW skills.

Facebook : it is very good and popular platform nowadays. It is a good for language learning. There are some pages and groups are improved or skills. It helpful for language Lerner. Through the social media we can communicate with native speaker of any language.

Google drive :- form and documents Google drive is a cloud-based storage service for storing all kinds of documents. Teachers can use form and document sections of google drive in a variety of ways. They can
create quizzes and lessons including multimedia elements by using google forms. They can also use document section of google drive for collaborative projects.

Voxopop :  is a web based audio tool that allows users to record their speaking on a
given topic. Teachers can use this tool especially for discussions. It is an engaging tool for developing speaking skills of the students using voice recorded answers of them on a given discussion topic. Other
students can also listen to the these voice recorded answers of their classmates It can also contribute to participation of those students who are shy or unwilling to participate in the class discussions.

Thank you

The Quality : short story by John Galsworthy

The Quality

   The Quality is a short story written by John Galsworthy. The story is narrated as a first person narrative techniques. This story is about a shoe makers life. The name of shoe makers is gessler brothers. This story also shows the effect of industrialism on small business and his struggle.

   The Gessler brothers are German shoe makers and they lived in London. They have a small shop of shoes. Both are making a shoes with good quality on order. The story narrator is a regular customer of that shop.

    Gessler brothers shoes quality are really best and comfortable for customer. The one thing is that after one order one has not to visit it again for long time.

   Narrator visit a that shop and every time he ordered shoes.Once narrator says to Mr. Gessler that the shoe has a crack at that time Mr. Gessler asks to bring it back he will fix it and if he can not than he will return the money. Once when narrator visits the shop the elder brother has died and younger Mr. Gessler was at the shop. After that narrator has ordered many pairs of shoes. After receiving the order he does not need to visit the shop for some period of time. Next time when he goes he again order many pairs of shoes. After receiving the order once he was passing by that road and decided to visit Mr. Gessler and to tell him that shoes were very nice. But when he reaches there he see some other English man, who informs narrator that Mr. Gessler has died because of starvation. All money he earned was gone in buying row materials for shoes and in paying rent.


    At the end gessler brothers has tried to maintain quality of shoes. Not focused on another things. There are talk between narrator and Mr. Gessler that how big business and company affect on his business. How it's harmful for their business.

   Gessler brothers have pointed that those big company do not provide quality they just have quality and different designs. That design attract the audience but that is a complaining about a quality. People only focused on  design more than quality. That type of company was harmful Mr . Gessler brother's small business.

Thank you

The Imagination : I. A. Richards

The imagination

    The imagination I. A. Richard

       Literary criticism has found itself as an important and independent branch in established New horizon. Number of scholar have emerged as a critiques and interpreted literature in order to help a common considerate as 'the father of new criticism'. I.A.richard has contributed in the development of literary criticism by his destination essay like his practical criticism four type of meaning imagination and many other. At present we want concerned with his view on the imagination.

Six sense of imagination

     According I.A. Richards we can define third term imagination at least in six distinct senses. Hi discuss various meaning and concept of the same term and then considered a particular concept the most important. I.A. Richards, it is  convenient to. separate then before passing on to consider the work which is most important.
- Production of image
- The use of figurative language
- The narrower sence
- Inventiveness imagination
- Scientific imagination
- The sense of musical delight

Production of imagination

     In the first concept of imagination is a very common and that is the production of various image usually visual image. The production of various image and visual image are the most commonest and the most interesting thing which is reflected by imagination.

The use of figurative language

   Another concept of imagination is the use of figurative language. People who naturally employee metaphor and simile especially when it is of an unusual kind are same to have imagination. It should not be overloaded that metaphor and simile are the Two which may be considerate together. They have great variety of function of speech. This is the most common scientific use of metaphor full stop it is in imagenative language and in poetry. An example 
       Shelly’s “dome of many coloured glass”

  It is only example which spread to mind. some attitude of speaker to his subject or to his audience is using the metaphor as a tool of expression. Gibbon said..

‘ the freedom of waiting has indeed Proval a strict tribe but as I was safe from the stings I was soon accustomed to the buzzing of the honest.’

There a review metaphors whose effect can be traced to the logic reaction. Metaphor is a method by which the great variety of element can be brought into the experience.

The narrower sense

    A narrower sense is that in which sympathetic reproduction of other people's state of mind. Particularly there emotional state of mind is imagination can be found in plays. The dramatist say that the critique things that is a person behave unfortunately.

“ you haven’t enough imagination”.

This kind of imagination is plainly a necessity for communication bed play to be successful require it as much as good plays.

Inventiveness imagination

   It is an another important science stop it bring the element together which are not connected according to this 'Edison' is said to have imagination and any fantastic romance will show it in 'Excelsis'. Crazy people will beat any of us at combine odd Idea.

The scientific imagination

    Fifth concept according to I.A. Richards is the scientific imagination. This is an order of experience in definite experience in   definite ways and for purpose not necessarily deliberated and conscious. But limited to a given field. The technical victory of the art are the examples of this kind of imagination.

The sense of musical delight ( Coleridge)

    Finally we come to the sense of imagination with which we are here most concerned. It is a closely connected with the Coleridge's concept of imagination. It is Coleridge's  great contribution to critical theory . In his words imagination means..

‘ the sympathetic and magical power to while we have exclusively appreciate the name is imagination'
  It is a sense of novelty and freshness with old and familiar object a more than usual state of emotion with more that usual order. The sense of musical delight and modified a series of thought by someone pre- dominant thought or feeling these are gifts of imagination.

   

Sunday reading : - chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

  Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian Writer. Apart from this she is a excellent speaker.  Here is her three inspirational and knowledgeable videos.

1) The Danger of a single story:

In this video she talks about danger side of single story. How it would be harmful to anyone. In this video she is talking about the effect of reading. She talks about that her reading effects on her writing. She reads foreign literature which is different from her country, Like weather , people, culture. This . literature effects so much on her mind that she thinks that literature by them should have Foreign in Nature. Later on she discovered African books. It changes her perception of literature. She realised that  in literature people like her also exist.
  There are some political agenda behind single story. The purpose of single story is to tell one thing again and again so from that people belive on that and consider it as a truth. In the literature western people also create single story from which they consider themselves as a superior and powerful people. By defining black people as uncultured and weak who can't raise there voice and waiting to be saved by foreign people. By this they showing themselves as a cultured and civilised people. So in the stories there are few important things who told them and how many times told that. Power is also plays important role in this single stories.


2) We should all be feminist:

Feminism is doesn't mean to going against man or insulting male. It simply means to fight for existing of female and give them equal importance. In her video she talks about different Upbringing of boys and girls. People teach their girls to  compromise by giving up their job and desire. Think herself smaller than man. Give more importance to marriage not herself. We should teach boys that it's nothing wrong to be afraid and cry. All these are emotions. We should give equal importance to both of them. We should  give importance to  focus  on ability rather than gender and focus on interest instead of gender.


3)   Talk on importance of truth in post truth Era :

In this she talks about the importance of truth in people lives. In this Era of post truth it consider as courageous act to speak truth. Specially in politics. People should speak truth for humanity. But in this Era of post truth people give  themselves more important than humanity. Never silence your self out of fear that the truth you speak might provoke. people lies to save him or her self from any trouble but one should accept the fact that life is not all about happiness it full of mess. People should learn to face things in there life.

Thank you..

The Namesake - jhumpa Lahiri

The Namesake

    Introduction

        Nilanjana Sudeshna born in educated middle class Bengali parents in London and grown up in Rhodes Island. Jhumpa Lahiri  authentically  and beautifully represent her diasporic experience in this novel. Lahiri moved with her family to the United States when she was three years old. She earned B.A in English literature from Barnard college in 1989. She went on to earn an M.A in English, an M.F.A in creative writing and M.A in comparative literature. Or pH.D. in Renaissance studies from Boston university.

       In this novel jhumpa Lahiri 's experience of growing up as a child of immigrants resemble through the protagonist Gogol Ganguly. In 2003 she published her first novel The Namesake. In this novel she has nicely shows the problems created by two different cultures in various theme.

There are many idea discuss in this novel like
- Identity crisis
- Alienation
- Homesickness
- Tension between life and death
- Language Barrier
- Diaspora literature

     Jhumpa Lahiri belogs to the second generation of Indian Diaspora whose ongoing guest for identity never seems to end. They feel sandwich between the country of their parents and the country of their both.
    Lahiri find herself quite a stranger to both of the countries in India she is an American and in America she is an Indian.
       Through the Gogol's character she presents identity crisis which she faced with herself. She contradicts the idioms what in a name? Rather she is obsessed with its everything that matter in a name. Name signifies the first identity.

     Jhumpa Lahiri was born as Nilanjana Sudeshna but her one pet name jhumpa which was we asy to pronounce by her teacher and she became jumpa lehiri. She felt embarrassed whenever she was caused as jhumpa. She struggles a lot to make herself feel an American but she found just a half way feeling. The same feeling she put in Gogol who never like to be caused by this name.
“The agony felt by Gogol is the agony of Jhumpa Lahiri”.


Alienation :

  This novel is alienation throughout her pregnancy Ashima was afraid about raising a child in
‘ a country where she is related to no one, where she knows so little, where life seems so tentative and spare '
     It means when Gogol is born her close family does not surrounding him. When she arrives at home from hospital Ashima say to Ashoka

“ I don’t want to raise Gogol alone in this country . It’s not right . I want to go”
  Gogol also feel alienation especially when he realised that no one knows in the world in Russia or India or America. Not even the source of his namesake after the death of his father Ashima feels exhausted and overwhelmed without her husband .

     As the novel grow up the character begin to feel more and more homesickness about earlier times In their lives. It means feeling of homesickness is another problem. Gogol feel homesickness when his mother and Sonia come to the train station to see him off . He remembers that the whole family would see him off every time from college. Also language barrier play vital role in this novel.

     Diaspora writing style in jhumpa Lahiri. She is famous as the acclaimed chronicles of the Bengali immigrants experience. The majority of her stories are about exile about people living for from home and moving to New world. Both interpas of maladies and the name explore the ideas of isolation  and identity not only person but also cultural.

“ identity as a production which is never completed always in process and always within not outside representation”.

    As location Change identity can also change.

A prayer for My daughter

A prayer for my daughter by W.B yeats

   Willam butler yeats was an illustration Irish Irish poet writer and playwright. he was a staunch irish nationalist who continued to espouse this cause  all his life this poem was written by its when Anne was a tender  infant. He express his love and concern for anne. The first world war head just drawn to close leaving earth trail of death and destruction on Europe. Inside Ireland there was a large waves of Irish nationalism and capitalism life was hard in Ireland at that time went , unrest and discontent make life hard for ordinary citizens. There was of frustration against and fear. Yeat did not escape this air if despondency. In this backdrop . This poem for a little baby whom he love so much as he symbolised Ireland as a baby. And England as a nationalist perspective and also he satirised modern civilization.


     The poem start with the description of his daughter as she is sleeping in cradle.  The cradle is symbol for the protection. And Strom symbolised as difficult time. The tone is gloomy, precarious, and frightening, as well as didactic  The poem line is

“ Once more the Strom is howling and half hid under this cardlehood and coverlid my child sleeps on.”

       In this line poet shows worry about his daughter. And he gives advice to her that she faced difficulties in life. There are follow a skilful description of the kind of beauty. It’s not a exclusive beauty. He knows too much beauty in a woman will lead her in danger. He knows fabulous beauty goes with an empty mind. The poet wish and prayers that his daughter maybe granted moderate beauty. The other wish that   his daughter grown up like a laurel tree.

     The poet continues on to comment on his hopes for her beauty: “May she be granted beauty and yet not.” His vacillation is that beauty in women sometimes brings disasters. For example, some such people have a difficult time choosing the right person as a life partner, and neither they can “find a friend.” The speaker lays emphasis on the need for feminine innocence. The poet advances his argument in the next stanzas by citing examples of beautiful women such as Helen of Troy, whose beauty was said to be the cause of the Trojan War. By the end, the poet wants his daughter to be courteous, as love cannot come unconditionally and freely. She must earn love with good efforts and kind-heartedness, and she cannot win it by merely physical beauty because “Hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned.” Summing up his theme, the poet wishes his daughter to possess such qualities that could help her face the future years confidently and independently.

La Belle Dame sans Merci

La Belle Dame sans Merci

     "La Belle Dame sans Merci" ("The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a ballad written by the English poet John Keats in 1819. The title was derived from the title of a 15th-century poem by Alain Chartier called La Belle Dame sans Mercy. "La Belle Dame sans Merci" means "The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy".

       This poem is Considered an English classic, the poem is an example of Keats' poetic preoccupation with love and death. The poem is about a fairy who condemns a knight to an unpleasant fate after she seduces him with her eyes and singing. The fairy inspired several artists to paint images that became early examples of 19th-century femme fatale iconography. The poem continues to be referenced in many works of literature, music, art, and film.



Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight,
    Alone and palely loitering;
The sedge is wither'd from the lake,
    And no birds sing.
...
I met a Lady in the meads
    Full beautiful, a fairy's child;
Her hair was long, her foot was light,
    And her eyes were wild.
...
She took me to her elfin grot,
    And there she gaz'd and sighed deep,
And there I shut her wild sad eyes—
    So kiss'd to sleep.

And there we slumber'd on the moss
    And there I dream'd, ah woe betide,
The latest dream I ever dream'd
    On the cold hill side.

I saw pale kings, and princes too,
    Pale warriors, death-pale were they all;
Who cry'd—"La belle Dame sans mercy
    Hath thee in thrall!"

I saw their starv'd lips in the gloom
    With horrid warning gaped wide,
And I awoke, and found me here
    On the cold hill side.

And this is why I sojourn here
    Alone and palely loitering,
Though the sedge is wither'd from the lake,
    And no birds sing


        This poem divided into 12 stanza. This poem rhymes is  A, B, C, D.  The speaker meets a knight by a lake in autumn. The poem with its mysterious narrative and ethereal atmosphere, combines innocence and seduction in an unusual ballad form to produce a haunting story. The knight narrates his suffering by saying that, he met a beautiful wild looking woman in the meadow. He spent a lot of time with her and graced with her flower.

   In the stanza first opens with a question where an unnamed speaker asked the knight because some things is clearly wrong with the knight, as he is loitering around the lake and looking very pale. The speaker says that why is he moving around in the season of Autumn. 

      
        The second stanza repeated the action of the 1st line of first stanza. Apparently the knight is not in a position to answer. Immediately moving further we can say that it is late autumn as the squirrels filled up there greenary and the crops have already being harvested. In the third stanza the speaker is still addressing the knight and and asks the reason behind the growing tension and a paled face. 

     in the second stanza there is a change in a narrator as a all of of a sudden. The knight starts answering. He met a beautiful lady with long hair, wild eyes and she was extremely attractive. In the fifth stanza the knight made a flower garland along with the bracelets and a belt, made of flowers. In the sixth stanza the knight puts the lady on his horse and does not see anything else. 

  

     The reading this poem we can come to know that poet explores his extremes of emotion. The poet records no reply to the dying knight and leaves us with the many questions.

Thank you

Heart of Darkness - Joseph corned

Heart of Darkness

       Introduction :


        ' Heart of Darkness' is a novella written by Joseph corned. He was a polish - British writer regarding as one of the greatest novelist to write in English language. He did not speak English fluently until he was in twenties. He was I. Stylist who brought a non English sensibility into English literature.  He wrote a story, novel and many with nautical setting, that depicts trails of the human spirit in the midst of on impassive , inscrutable universe .


About  Book

       
          Heart of Darkness is a work of writing fiction, narrative phrases. Normally longer than a short stories but shorter than Novel. That's why this work is categories as  a novella. Heart of Darkness is about a voyage up the congo River into the Congo free state, in the heart of Africa. This story narrated by Marlow. He tells his story to his friends. This setting provided the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the enables to create a parallel between London and Africa as a place of darkness.

     This book originally published in three part serial story in Blackwood Magazine . This work translated in many language. This novel is 67th of the 500 best novels in English of the 20th century.

      Heart of Darkness is novel around Marlow and on introspective sailor and his journey on the Congo river to meet Kurtz.  Who is reputed among black slaves. Marlow is a captain of riverboat company. 1st he travels Africa and then Congo . He observed widespread insufficiency and brutality in company station. The narrative has habits of the religion has been forced into  company service they suffer terrible.

      Marlow arrive at the central station when was run by the general manager a conspirational character. He find that his steamship has been sunk and spends several months waiting for part to repair it. His interest in Kurtz grow during this time. The manger and brick makers seem to fear kurtz as a threat to their position. He is a ill. He delay in replying the ship all the more costly. Marlow and his crew come across a hat with stacked firewood together with not saying that the wood is for them but they should approach cautiously.

     Kurtz disappeared Inthe night and Marlow goes out to search of him. Crawling on all fours towards the native camp. Marlow stop him and convince him to return to the ship. They set off down the river the next morning but Kurtz health is failing fast. Marlow listens to Kurtz talk while his pilots. While the personal docuy including an eloquent pamphlet an civilization the savage which ends with a scrawled message that say

Extreminate all the brutes

   The steamer before down and they have to stop for repair Kurtz dies uttering his last words - The horror ! The horror!

Conclusion

    At the end we can conclude that this novel is based on struggle and stuffing if black people. Rasicm and slavery is the core of this book.  We can see life of a two person from each has his individuality in this work. One Black people against which society . One is influenced by others popularity among slave the Black people.

Things Fall Apart theme

Things fall apart from UrvashiChauhan20

New Literature : Suicide

Suicide from UrvashiChauhan20

Mass Communication & media studies : Advertisement & it's appeal

Advertisement & It's Appeal from UrvashiChauhan20

African Literature : women's character in swap dwellers

women's character in swamp dwellers from UrvashiChauhan20

Thinking Activity : The Sense of an Ending

The Sense  of an Ending

This blog is a part of my academic thinking activity. Click here

About Author : 

           The Sense of an Ending written by Julian Patrick Barnes. he is an English writer. He has also written Crime Fiction under the name of Pseudonym Dan Kavanagh. he is write Novel, Short story, Essay and memories. he was won man Booker Prize for the Sense of an Ending in 2011. His three earlier books had been shortlisted for the Booker Prize. like 1. Flaubert's Parrot , 2. England, England, 3. Arthur & George.

 About book 

       The Sense of an Ending is a literary Fiction, memory novel and psychological thriller. This book is published on 4th August 2011.The tone of the novel is Enigmatic, Mysterious and Ambiguous. this book written in past and present tense. This book is about a person's youth memory.


How do you understand the concept of suicide with reference to your reading of literature ranging from Renaissance play Hamlet, 20th century Existential Philosophy and this 21st century novel The Sense of an Ending?


Hamlet It has  huge difference in concept of suicide from Renaissance play , 20th century Existential philosophy and 21st century novel The sense of an Ending. In the Hamlet suicide consider as sin according to Christianity. The people who committed suicide should not allow to buried with proper Christian rituals. They consider as sinner. Later on in in 20th century with Existential philosophy idea of suicide changed.


"Perhaps there is no one alive who would not already have put an endto his life if this end were something purely negative, a sudden cessation ofexistence. )but there is something positive in it as well: the destruction of thebody. This is a deterrent because the body is the phenomenal form of the will to live."


Every individual has ownership of their being and outght be allowed the choice to end their own life instead of treating suicide as criminal. In the novel sense of ending shows the philosophical idea of suicide that suicide is not crime everyone has right to end their lives. It is kind of wish or the right which every person has. After living your life and  getting satisfaction in life if one wish to end their life they can committed suicide. Adrine has live his life with full of capacity he was satisfied with his life. He has no any goal in his life so he decide to end his life rather than live life as burden upon him.

    

Baby Running Barefoot - D. H. Lawrence

  Baby Running Barefoot
                                - D.H. Lawrence

Introduction :

          Baby Running Barefoot poem is written by David Herbert Lawrence. He was an English novelist , playwright, poet, essayist, painter and literature critic. His collection of works among other things represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effect of modernity and industrialization.


       This is a quiet short and simple poem. In this poem D. H. Lawrence simplified the walking of baby and what happened to parents. Nature is reacted on the attempts of baby. How nature welcome baby with passion and love that is a main point of this poem.

       This poem is written in the form of Shakespeare's sonnets.  There are many metrical substitution in the poem with lines of vearing lenth and rhythm.

 " When the white feet of the baby,
 Beat across the grass"

     The 1st line of the poem come with very simple language with strong emotions. We can easily feel that movement. It is a common expression that a baby is running on grass with barefoot. It indicates the title of this poem. Here poet tries to convince reader that babies are more near to the nature. They can walk and run in grass without any shoes .

      Poet tries to compare a baby with natural elements like.. white flowers, wind Rabin's song and etc. poet said

          " The little white feet nod like
          White flowers in wind"

       He also said that when baby run across the grass it feels like the weeds in the water which gives a pure feeling to a person.  Baby is a part of nature.

        In the 1st two stanza baby is compared with natural elements and discrib the feeling of father is highlighted in it. But in the 3rd stanza poet says

 " So she could stand....
 .... And I could feel her
 Feet in either hand"

     Here poet clearly mentioned that baby is a girl. In society baby boy I more important then girl. But here our poet highlights that baby is a baby girl and as it is always mention. So in this poem poet clearly mentioned that he feel special for her daughter. He wants to see his daughter happy. His wishes that she started on her knees and they played together. He can hold her soft bare. At the end of the poem he compare his daughter with syringa budd in morning . He also adds that little baby is firm and silken as young peony flower.


Conclusion :

      This poem is spoken in the voice of a first person narrator. The major theme of the poem is the association of infancy with innocent and the natural world. The narrator's desire to feel the baby's feet despite its rather disconcerted sense of pedophilia married to podophilia, should be read as a desire to return to the state of nature the baby represent.

Far from the Madding crowd - Thomas Hardy

Far from the Madding crowd

This blog is a part of my thinking activity in B.A syllabus.

About Author:-

        Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, especially William Wordsworth. Who set much of his work in Wessex. He was an architecture by profession but from his soul he was a pure artist. He wrote a poems but he was not get that position among literary writers. So he drown his attention towards novels. And he got success as writer with help of novel.


About novel :-

      Far from the Madding Crowd  is Thomas Hardy's fourth novel and his first major literary success. It originally appeared anonymously as a monthly serial in Cornhill Magazine, where it gained a wide readership. The novel is the first to be set in Thomas Hardy's Wessex in rural southwest England. This novel is one of the best novel written by him.

Character :-

Bathsheba
Gabriel oak
Troy
Fanny

     Bathsheba is a main character of this novel. Whole novel take place around  her. Hardy tried to write feminist novel because during the time of this novel 1873 we con not find many novel on which female characters is a central character. As we see most of hardy's novel have settings of Wessex.

   The main plot of this novel grow out of characters and sub plot grows out natural situation. Bathsheba is a very beautiful and charming woman. Who promoted  byher vanity and pride, reject the proposal of marriage offered by Gabriel oak. But she think like she is a superior than Gabriel oak.  Nonetheless the immature Bathsheba overlooked the worthy Gabriel and become infatuated with Sargent Troy a philanderer.
Bathsheba marries with troy, although he is already involved with fanny. Bathsheba knows about his affairs with fanny. It is too late. Fanny and her child are already dead. And Troy desert her when Bathsheba is ready to accept her mistake in encouraging and marry him out of pity and duty.


     Hardy's view about life is essentially tragic caused by the hand of fate in human affairs. Sometimes fate operates through natural occurrence . In far from Madding crowd. Gabriel must work feverishly to protect Bathsheba 's harvest from a terrible Strom. Although Gabriel succeed in overcoming the fate of Strom. Bathsheba is not lucky and loss all his fortune through and occured of natural fate. Fate is responsible for Bathsheba's change in fortune as well.

     The plot of novel actually center on the fortunes and misfortunes of Gabriel oak. We can say that throughout her tribulations Bathsheba comes to really increasingly on her oldest and as the admits to herself, only real friend Gabriel. When he gives notice that he is learning her employ. She realises that how important he has become to her well- being.

    Basically the whole story is take place around Bathsheba and her love story . She is the only female and most important character of the novel. This is the story all about.

The Monkey's Paw - w.w. Jacobs

The Monkey's Paw

About Author :-

     William Wymark Jocobs was an English Author of short stories and novel. During his career he was best known for his farcical comedy involving dockside and rural Essex characters. The Monkey's Paw is a most famous shot story.


        "The Monkey's Paw" is the supernatural and powerful short story. The first published in England. In the collection  'The lady of the Barge' in 1902.

     There are three major character

  - Herbert white
  - Mrs. White
  - Mr. White
 
          The whole paly took place in the living room of white family. Their home is quite old fashion but comfortable for living. The story started with  Mr. White and his son Herbert are playing chess. And his wife doing some household works. Her wife watching that enjoying movement. We can see they live a happy life.

       One day a heavy wind and that heavy wind bring a Strom in Mr. White family. An old friend of Mr. White’s comes to visit them.  He come to them for a social meeting. He share some experience about some Indian Fakirs. Who  put his all power in Monkey's paw. So that paw become powerful it can fulfill three persons three wishes. Herbert laughed on and ask 

    You have had your three wishes?
      
         Jacobs uses foreshadowing, imagery and symbolism in this story to explore the consequences of tempting fate. Sargent said yes and warn them that might this monkey's paw fulfilled wishes but it also goes in negative effects also. He share experiences that the 1st owner of the Monkey's Paw had his three wishes were granted. But his last wish is death. Second owner is Sargent major himself. He also get his wishes but his experience is terrible. 

Sargent major throw that 

Mysterious monkey's paw in fire at that time Mr. White saved it and he and his son are convince to try it once. They want to find real mater and experience it. They wish is 

'I wish for two hundred pounds'

     The paw is twisted in his arm. Her mother tried to stop them. Herbert not believe in that type of superstition things. He say relax about it. Herbert went to his job. In the next morning one person came with a well-  dressed or introduce as a Mr. Sampson  from the electronic works. Sometimes happens in last night Herbert was laughing and wasn't notice and machine caught him. He was crushed by machine and he was dead.  Mr. Sampson was there for give them compensation he said 

" In consideration of your son's services company wish to parent you with a certain same as compensation. It was two hundred pounds."


      The Monkey's paw complete their condition. It fulfilled wishes but take something from you . Rules of given and taken. After a few days Mrs. White  remember that they have two wishes still left.  She request to her husband to give a wishes. He was a helpless about it and so he wishes 

' I  wish my son alive again'

     After some time there was knocked on the door in the middle of the night. They are sure it is Herbert. He remembers that Herbert was mangled beyond recognition in the accident and he knows the corpse has been rotting for 10 days.  He is sure that the knocking is coming from Herbert’s corpse, and not from a Herbert who has been brought back to life as he was before the accident. We don't know what is the third wish of them. Mrs. White took on the monkey's paw   and frantically breathed his third and last wish. The knocking stopped suddenly, though it still echoed in the house.Mr. White wished for his son to return to the dead and that the consequence of his wish was that Herbert did. The happy family turned into a tragic death.

     Human emotions are also well described in this play. All human beings have a some lust about different things. It is a natural of all human and it is a handful to ourselves. So this is a moral of the story. Any shortcuts are harmful.