International of Breath paly : Samuel Beckett

Interpretation of Breath play : Samuel Beckett

     Samuel  Beckett was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre directory, poet, and literary translator. He wrote in English and French language. Beckett's work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human existence. He was considered as a last modernist writer. He writes Absurd play.

   Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature.

    “ Breath” is very short paly only 30 second play.  Beckett do experiment in his play. This play interpreted in various way. Here I give my interpretation on this paly.


Samuel Beckett's play in no beginning and no end . It’s not required in his play. Because if you read in last page so you don’t feel something is missing. Other interesting thing is that in the Breath paly no any character are showing and leading story but only things . And that play is considered a human life but not Mantion character in his Breath play.

     Breath is a sense of  birth and death. Breathing is very connected to that two words. We are habituated with breath we are not notice how it's important for us. This paly show the reality of human life. It’s reflect the meaningless , nothingness and Existentialism. Meaningless in that sense we live the life for waiting for death no any other purpose. Breathing is more important for us it’s very helpful to life and death. Berthing is helpful to reach death and born. Our first breath is reached with cry.



     This script of play consider as a script of life. The time of play 30 seconds shows that  how time fastly passes. 

 1 Samuel Beckett by Damien Hirst  - Breath

      In this video describes materialistic things. And also shows a imperfect & scattered things . In this video we see hospital ward is totally not fine condition.  But I noticed “Swastika” put in proper way so it’s means imperfectness in also some perfect thing. Just like nothingness is in also something. So swastik is symbol of the video.  Also connect with Hitler's rules.  That swastik is made of  cigarettes. So I think that is also symbol of one negative things win to fight with reformist things. In the sense cigarettes nagative thing and hospital is reformist.   And other interpretation is that All bad things have a one good quality.


 2 Liana De Jourdan’s Breath by Samuel Beckett

    In this video shows fresh fruit and vegetables. And also a pesticides package of fruit juice. We eat fruit and vegetable for our good health. It’s very important for our body. But that things are meaningless because no one can escape from death. Fruit and vegetables help to live healthy and fit life but it not make a mortal person.



3  National Theatre school first year Technical production class project production of Samuel Beckett play Breath

   In this video shows camera rotated on light and garbage. In this video no one word listening. We listen only child crying sound. It’s show our Life's reality. Garbage is connected with life. Both are used and then thrown. Like we purchased car it’s give happiness but after sometime car engine is not working so we don’t need that. So car is useless for us. In same way child born is given happiness but after a death of person we are not preserved body because no soul in body and it’s useless materials. So I think this video shows facticity of  human life.
        There are two angle to show this video. At the beginning crying is connected with born. So in first angle camera started with lighting to garbage. And in the last after a crying camera goes to lighting to darkness it’s opposite situation. So crying is common in both but.. how meaning is charge according to situation.



4 Samuel Beckett Breath ( modern Interpretation)

 This video is reflection of modern culture. Video cover the all part of human life.  At the beginning of the video I show “wheel” I think it is a symbol of life. At beginning fastly running and fall down like human life. We are constantly running in our life and then death. So it is very appropriate example.
   
        This video shows how human surrounded by materialistic things. I noticed some things like:
Nature, Toy, spots instruments, crowd, books, music instruments, phone, joined some things and  than sounds of broken glass it is very effective. Than time  watch, sunset, photo memories and medicine.

      That all things explain human life through materialistic things. We are part of crowd but no one care about you. If one person passed away so others people’s life Never stopped. They goes on and on so person is alone.
        How we are suffering for reaching to death that Idea is very well presented in this video.
        

Thank you
     
   
         

Guest lecture prof. Balaji Ranganathan

  Here I want to share my experience about guest lecture on post colonial studies. We have guest lecture of Dr. Balaji Ranganathan from the central University of Gujrat Gandhinagar. He invited by Dr. Dilip Barad to our department of English MKBU.

This session divided in three days. I attend this session. He discusses about various topic like :-

1. Black skin white mask  - Frantz Fanon
2. Orientalism  - Edward Said
3. A Tempest – Aime Cesaire
4. Imaginary Homeland – Salman Rushdie
5. How to prepare comparative example (NET & G-SET).

First day he talked about colonialism, Imperialism and  post colonialism. Then he discusses on. Black skin White Mask by frantz Fanon. He also discuss  eight chapter of the text.

1. The Negro and Language
2. The Woman of color and white man
3. The man of color  and white Woman
4. The So-called Dependency complex of colonial people
5. The fact of blackness
6. The Negro and psychology
7. The Negro and Recognition
8. By way of Conclusion

He gives advised to read Original text. Some sentence from the Original text.

Toward a new humanism ...
Understanding among men...
Our colored brothers..
Mankind I believe in you
Race prejudice
To Understand and to love

What does a man want?
What does Black man want?

- The white man is sealed in his whiteness.
- The Black man in his Blackness.

He talked on white civilization throw the example of ' Jungle Savage'.
He said colonial resistance is not about biological.
Nothing like love and hate. The example of Gandhiji against the British rules not hate British.

   He give advice to read Original text.
If we can not understand properly in first attempt then he repeated with some other examples. We find the difference between  A TEMPEST AND THE TEMPEST . We see a similarity and dissimilarity. His teaching method is after he teaching topic and ask difficulty. He says are you understand? Are you getting it properly? So he do cross check.
      He talked about  last topic Imagenary Homrland  and ‘Diaspora’, Multiculturalism ,Nostalgia of Memory. He says memories are always partial.

In the last session he discusses about competitive exams. He ask what is your future goal. And how to prepare for that type of exam. Also give  new way of job. We have not only teaching opportunity we can also do other job. He give very good advice for us. Thank you Dilip Barad sir for organised this lacture.

Thank you... 

Thinking Activity on the scarlet letter and movie Kya kehna

Thinking Activity on the novel Scarlet letter and movie Kya kehna

 This blog is a part of my academic movie screening which was given to us during classroom discussion.

1.What are the names of the protagonists in both the works?

     Hester Prynne is the protagonist of the 'SCARLET LETTER' And in the movie 'KYA KEHNA' in Priya Bakshi is the central character. She is main protagonist of the movie.

The scarlet letter

   The scarlet letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. He was American writer. The scarlet letter is a historical fiction novel. The setting part of the novel has a puritan settlement which sets in the year of 1642 in Boston city. Hester Prynne is the main character of the novel. Main character of this novel like.. pearl, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth. Entire plot portrayed around Hester prynes character. She is mother of pearl. She is a young wife whose husband has been missing for over a year and she is accused for adultery following the birth of her infant daughter Pearl. She refused to reveal the name of her child's father . She was forced to wear the Scarlet letter. At the end of the novel Dimmesdale climbs the scaffold and confesses in front of everyone then dies of his wounds in Hester’s arms.
In a way,It presents the journey of Hester and how she succeeded in changing the meaning of  Adultery to Able and at last Angle.

Kya KEHNA

 Kya KEHNA’ movie is directed by kundan Shah . This movie is a 2000 Indian Hindi film. Prity zinta  as a single teenage mother and saif Ali khan as a father. This movie also deals with taboo issue of premarital pregnancy and the view of the society. Same as in scarlet letter novel. Priya and Hester’s character and role very similar. Both character faced many problems and struggle a lot also fight with society. Being a student, she also faces a lots of problems at university and is shunned due to her pregnancy and spoiled character but she never let her spirit to be down. At a last she chooses to marry with Ajay who secretly loves her rather than Rahul. 

What is the role played by society in Hester’s life?

In this novel society played vital role in Hester’s life. We also see  society as a main character in the novel. Hester is not revile to real name of her child’s father. But society forced to wear scarlet letter on her dress as punishment for her adultery. It’s very unfair for Hester. Society make rules if anybody break rules They are considered as a sinner. So Hester is one of that. Society forced her to live outside of town with her daughter.

  What is the role played society in Priya's  life?
 
Priya become pregnant at the time she was a student. And she was a student and she became pre married pregnant. So society not accept that. So his father request to Rahul and his family to marry with his daughter. But they don’t care and reject that offer. They are very rich people they don’t understand value of relationship. They say get abortion but Priya don’t do that. She fighting with society. The other thing is that society only  blame Priya also rahul's mother not say any good advice to her son but blame Priya. Society consider Priya is  not a good girls frame category. But her family support her all situation.
 

Pre task Edgar Allen Poe's short story

Pre- task : Edgar Allan Poe’s short story


1. Read the first Gujarati story and listen to the audio recitation of the second story. Observe how the two wordsmiths work wonders through words! (Absolute obsession of alliteration).


Ans. :   The story name of “MANSANGH” write by JAYNT KHATRI. The story started with very unique way. It’s also called suspense story. The language of story is 'TALPADI GUJRATI'.  Story begins with Dark night. So  the Dark midnight’s is also symbol of macabre story. It’s very hard do write a horror scene rather then showing and listening. There no any sound only words explain all expression. So it’s very difficult. But jayant KHATRI write very well readers feel that deep words and horror situation. So it’s good story.
    There are no mention narrative name but story narrated by “ mastar”.

     
2. List out various adjectives that contribute the most in creating the "pre-established design" or effect that the author intended to create.


Ans. :  Adjective use a very impactful in story. An important reason for this is that most nouns and most adjective have rather complex semantic structures. Adjective give extra meaning to word.
It is to type suffix and prefix. I  found some adjective in this story.
- અંધારી રાત
- ખુલ્લુ  મોં
- સફેદ લુગડુ
- ફાટેલું તકીયુ
- કુંવારી દીકરી
- ખુલ્લુ આકાશ
- રડતું કૂતરું
- તીણી ચીસ
- તોફાની દ્શ્યો
- અશાન્ત સ્વપ્ન

3.Which are the phrases you find frightening? How are they placed in the text?
 Ans. :  When I read story I found some frightening phrases like
- અંધારી રાત
- બંગડી અવાજ
- ધ્રુજતો‌ હાથ
- કૂતરાનો રડવા નો અવાજ
- પવનના સુસવાટા
- તણખા ઝરતી આંખો
- દીવા ના પ્રકાશ થી પડછાયો હલવો
- રાત શાંત હતી, અશાંતિ કરતાંય ભયંકર ‌રીતે શાંત
So I found that type of  frightening phrases. Other is  મોંઘી character portrait as insanity person at the end of the story. Also cat  and પીપળો also symbol of horror story.


4. Can you find out any other lexical varieties such as figures of speech like simile, metaphor, personification etc? Briefly explain their significance in the story.
Ans. :  I read story that time I see the use of figurative language.  Figurative language give some unique charm in story. I like most figurative language. Metaphorical language used by Jayant KHATRI. Like
 
“હસવાનો અવાજ જાણે ભરેલી ગાગર ઠલવાઈ. ”
“જાણે આંસુના દરિયા ની ભરતી હતી.”
“આંખો વાઘ ને તણખા ઝરતી”
“તારાઓ નું જોવું”
“આભ ફાટેલું તેવો હસવાનો અવાજ”
“ડોક ના સતરસો વલાક”


5.What is the impact of listening  to the stories on your mind? Which Rasas/emotions erupt in you during and after the reading/listening sessions?
 Ans. : When I read story I feel like a I am a one of the character of that story. I really enjoyed the story. I feel like I see all incidence and also read with curiosity. I see some perversity of monghi's character. And I like reading then audio.

Thank you...

Midnight's children film

Midnight’s children

    Midnight’s children is a 1981 novel by British Indian author Salman Rushdie. He deals with  Indians traditional form British colonialism to independence and partition of British India. This book is the good example of postcolonialism , postmodern and magical realist literature.
    Salman Rushdie is Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel midnight’s children. This book won the booker prize in 1981. “The best novel of all winners”. On two separate occasions of the prize.
       This movie detected by Deepa Mehta.  Midnight’s children is a 2012 film. She is Canadian British film adaptation of Salman Rushdie 1981 novel of the same name. She is an indo Canadian  film detector and screenwriter. She is best known for her elements Trilogy Fire, Earth and Water.
        We read Indian history with the character of saleem. In this film highlight the lives of two individuals born at the stroke of midnight when India achieved its independence from the British.
      This movie represent a three Ares period from the grandparents to grandchildren. Midnight’s children movie origin and  hybridity. It’s become hybridity identity. Saleem and shiva  are played vital role originity truth and hybridity truth. That is impossibility of finding and achieve personal and authentic identity for Saleem and shiva. Both are living  with illustration like a prince from “The Black Prince” and also karna's character from Mahabharata.
         Who is called midnight’s children ? So 14 August 1947 born all are called as midnight’s children. This movie also criticise on politics . It is satire on Indian democracy how growing on and mention some political leaders like Indira Gandhi  give a order Emergency 1977. It is a also called diaspora literature.
       Midnight’s children film started with  “ I was born”. The main protagonist of the film Saleem Sinai tells and leads the story he was born very mysterious. In this film also Mention magical realism  through the parvati's character.
       Saleem says he and his nation growing parallel. So it’s very symbolic way to tell the story. We also see how poverty in India that time . The other thing is also highlights the same place first set in Kashmir 1917 and them Agra 1942. Very deep understanding in movie.

Shashi Tharoor : An Era of Darkness

 About Shashi Tharoor

     Shashi Tharoor born 9 March 1956 is an Indian politician, writer and a former career international diplomat  who is currently serving as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabhafrom Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, since 2009.
 At the age of 22, he was the youngest person at the time to receive such an honour from the Fletcher School.  His bestselling works of fiction and non-fiction since 1981, which are centred on India and its history, culture, film, politics, society, foreign policy, and more related themes.
1991 – Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the Best Book of the Year in the Eurasian Region, for The Great Indian Novel.

An Era of Darkness :

  An Era of Darkness book based on British colonialism. Shashi Tharoor  doing argument in this book. He write on how British colonial rites and how we India suffering in that time. British people ruled on India very cruelly. He write on India’s economic conditions. The main purpose of British is that they see our wealth. Also write on  India’s textile industry and they made machinery in late 19th.

   Some people says they also give a good things for India but it’s not true. They do that his own purposes not anything else. They  started Railway for themselves. That is easy way to transfer and supply raw material India to England . And now day the railway is  very good innovation for us. But it’s don’t means Railway started for us. It’s a by chance helpful for India.

    They rules on Indian people very cruarlly. In  that time British make a rule all farmers and landlords pay a money. They make  taxation system. All people are strongly follow that order. Churchill was a very cruel leader. Indian people  do hard work in farm and produce grain even that don’t eat because all products shift in England by Churchill. Many people die for hungriness . Very terrible situation in India.
British people make some good things is established school, civilsarvice, army , incidental made for self purpose but good thing. British control freedom press.
 Shashi Tharoor not write just narrative history but there are many.  This book puts all the argument  the Raj in India. An the era of Darkness not just give a one aspect but more. Also talk about partition and Hindu Muslim conflicts. British give a way to fighting together. They shows our weakness and force to take a narrow view.

Ngugi wa Thiongo

      James Thiongo'o Ngugi is an award winning world renowned Kenyan writer. And academic who write primarily in GIKUYA language. He was professor of English literature and language in Africa.
      His work includes novels, plays, short story, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He got  2009: Shortlisted for the Man Booker International Prize.

 “ Decolonising The Mind”  book published in 1986. It is a Biography. This  essays about language and its constructive role in national culture, history, and identity. The book, which advocates linguistic decolonization, is one of Ngũgĩ's best-known and most-cited non-fiction publications, helping to cement him as a preeminent voice theorizing the "language debate" in post-colonial studies.

    Decolonising The Mind is divided into 4 essay:-

1. The language of African literature.
2. The language of African Fiction.
3. The language of African Theatre.
4. Quest for Relevance.
    In this book language role in both combatting and perpetrating imperialism and condition of neo-colonialism in African Nation. In this book Ngugi wa Thiongo see language rather than History and culture.

The Black Prince:

      The Black Prince is a 2017 international Historical Drama. This film detected by Kavi Raj. It’s tells story about Duleep Singh. He was the last Maharaja of shikh Empire. And Punjab area. His relationship with Queen Victoria.  The story revolves around the young prince.

    How British people ruled on India and he also ruled on king. Prince is living in fake identity. He is living in illusion. Prince don’t know which is your homeland. It’s not his real country. British people are take care a prince. They can not give a one chance to realise prince that is not his own country. His mother tells about his real identity. Also said your are not prince but king. Sometimes people act very well slave’s don’t realise what is wrong with you. Prince also change his religion Christian to shikh. At the end of the move price was die. He was not fulfil his  mother’s dream. That movie talk about history and postcolonialism.

Edward said : Oriantalism

Orientalism

      Edward Said’s evaluation and critique of the set of beliefs known as Orientalism forms an important background for postcolonial studies. His work highlights the inaccuracies of a wide variety of assumptions as it questions various paradigms of thought which are accepted on individual, academic, and political levels.
   The book is now being translated into 26 languages. and it required reading at many colleges and universities. This book is also one of the most controversial scholarly books of the last 30 years sparking intense debate and disagreement.

    The Orient signifies a system of representation framed by political forces that brought the Orient into Western learning, Western consciousness, and Western empire. The Orient exists for the West, and is constructed by and in relation to the West. It is a mirror image of what is inferior and alien  to the West.

-What is orientalism in post colonialism

  Orientalism is 'a manner of regularized (or Orientalized) writing, vision, and study, dominated by imperatives, perspectives, and ideological biases ostensibly suited to the Orient.'

Edwards interest in orientalism began for two reasons :

1) It was an immediate thing is to say the Arab- Israeli war of 1973.
2) Which has much longer history in my life was the constant sort of disparity he felt between what his experience of being an Arab was & representation of that one saw in art.

Some concepts related to orientalism

-Orientalism   gives deep information of people of middle east people about their culture and behaviour. We come to know about them yet we never meet them.


- Said point on Gramsci ‘s “ The prison Notebooks”. It make influence on himself.
He says my history is terms of other People history.
 Try to move beyond generalise own experience to others experience. It a collective and individual experience.

- Edward said write third book “ covering Islam”. He thought them as kind of trilogy. And Iranian revolution. But he see a opposite reaction. People give negative  response. They was killed American.  The television and print journalism was only show negative  side. Example film Jihad in America Television represents jihad in America, for militants Jihad is a holy war, and their main purpose is to establish an Islamic empire. Media revelling only worst side of Islam. It shows the power of media.

- “The marvels  of east” the east considered as mysterious place, full of secrets, and monster, where people believe in mysterious things, in not only India but also in Egypt, Syria. In Egypt the mysterious culture and different pyramids make the sense of horror and we relatedly we can not find Arabic world in Western countries, music or in paintings.


Thank you..

Transcendentalism and anti-transcendentalism in Scarlett letter

Transcendentalism :


Basic belief  of transcendentalism:-

A core belief of transcendentalism is in the inherent goodness of people and nature. Adherents believe that society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, and they have faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent.

Five Tenets of Transcendentalism:

-Contemplating nature can allow you to transcend the real world.
-Everything is a reflection of God.
-Individualism and self-reliance are better than following others.
-A person's true feelings and intuition are more valuable than book knowledge.
-A person's instinct can lead them to understand God's spirit.

 Anti- transcendentalism :-

What is anti-transcendentalism?

-19th century

- focused and believe on darkness of humanity

- individual truths

- man's uncertainty and limitations universe

-Potential destructiveness or the human spirit.

Transcendentalism and Anti - transendetranscen in scarlett letter :

Nature is very beautifully portrait in novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It’s symbol of acceptance Hester by Nature. She live with Nature. Nature give a space for her and her child.

  Individualism present in novel by Hester's character. She is very strong character in this novel .she is able to raise her voice against society and religion. She is facing lots of problems but she doesn’t give up.

  Religion and society play a vital role in this novel.

Thank you..

The Old Man and The Sea

The old man and the sea

1.Do you have any such person whom you recall in the crisis?

Yes   of course I have a such person whom I recall in the crisis. They are my friends ,parents and my ideal person. They are inspired a lot direct and indirectly. They suggest me to a right path. How can I face difficult situation. So they all are make special space in my life.


2.What is the importance of that person? Why?
      That kind of person are really important person for me. Because they told me life lessons and how I ménage any situation. They also say about what is good and bad in me.  Sometimes I feel low confidence that time I remember my best time of my past. And I get energy and I feel I can do it. Some books are also provide that need. Some good books guide very well in my life. So they all are important parsons.


3.What is the importance of dream of lions in the novel?

I think lion is symbol of strength and confidence. Old man remembered his past because he feel low confidence that time he see in his past and that dream fulfilled desire. He feel confidence after see that dream. He was young at that time everything  so  today also he can do it. And our dreams are parent or unconscious mind and desire.

4.Do you have any such scene or image you frequently like to visit?
  Yes I have such scene or image that frequently I like to visit. It’s also a good as well as bad images. Because some scenes give a happiness and freshness and some bad scenes give a some moral sense worn to not reported that things. And I improve myself.


5.What is the reason of your obsession for that scene?

 I give that reason as above ans. So this is observed for that type of scene.

6.Replace the old man with yourself. How would be the approach if you fail like the old man in life ?

If I replace the old man with myself. I would also like to remember my good past. And I like the strength of old man. But I don’t give proof to society what can do am I. If they don’t believe in my self so it’s your problems. So I can’t feel I am not successful person. My ability not depend on other people but myself.

 Thank you.  .

To The Lighthouse

To the Lighthouse

1.How can you explain that 'what' Virginia Woolf wanted to say (for example, the complexity of human relationship, the everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with near and dear ones, the struggle of a female artist against the values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in the way she has said?

      Virginia Woolf was a very great writer. The lighthouse as Virginia Woolf Auto biographical novel. She used stream of  consciousness in this novel . Through the stream of consciousness she try to show human nature and they life. That type of novel give free space for reader to think about themselves. We see the how she struggles herself.  She try  to display her own life situation.
    In this novel everyone wants that they are remembered by their dear ones, as Mrs. Ramsay wanted to be immortal with her art of cooking. In the novel she is chain between her children and her husband.
   According to Mrs Ramsay:  ‘speeding love is better than telling truth'. But Mr. Ramsay believed in 'Truth is important '. Mrs Ramsay talking very politely and James become happy and easily understood his mother thing. His father and mother means is common but communications style different. Other complexity between Mrs. Ramsay and lily Brisco ones was Victorian womanhood and other is modern womanhood.
 Lily Brisco  believed in Art. Not working as a care of her family. She is a very practical woman.

      Charles Tensely also satire on lily “ woman can’t Write can’t paint”. So it’s show how patriarchal society shaped in Virginia Woolf's novel.


2. oo you agree: "The novel is both the tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay"? (Key: Take some clues from the painting of Mrs Ramsay drawn by Lily Briscoe and the article by Andre Viola and Glenn Pedersen. Can we read Mrs. R in context of the idea of Ideal Indian Woman –

Yes the lighthouse novel is both tribute and critic of Mrs. Ramsay. She is presented a perfect Indian woman quality. She do everything to make her family members happiness. Mrs Ramsay is ideal lady. More caring person .  One Sanskrit shloka also describes Ideal Indian woman quality in mythology :

 Karyeshu dasi, Karaneshu manthri; Bhojeshu mata, Shayaneshu rambha; Kshamayeshu dharithri, Roopeshu lakshmi; Satkarma yukta, Kuladharma pathni.

   According to this shloka Mrs Ramsay is a very appropriate example of that type of woman. She is very emotional and caring woman for her family members and family friends. She is very conscious for house decoration and cooking. She is kind hearted person not think about herself always give attention for her family. After her death she still lived into the mind of family members. From  the beginning to end she was presented into the novel.
   I think she is central character of the lighthouse. Lily also create painting of Mrs Ramsay.




3.Considering symbolically, does the Lighthouse stand for Mrs. Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia Woolf herself who is categorically represented by Lily)?

   Mrs Ramsay still present in the novel even after her death. She presented in her family members mind. Lily also think about in last part of the novel. Lily portrait Mrs Ramsay's personality in her paintings. So I think Mrs Ramsay is a central character of the lighthouse.  She stands center of the novel as well as lighthouse Stand in the sea. Lighthouse important for sea as it is Mrs Ramsay important in novel.

4. In the article by Joseph Blotner, two myths are patterned together. Name the myths? How they are zeroed down to the symbols of 'Window' and 'Lighthouse'? How does the male phallic symbol represent feminine Mrs. Ramsay?

In The Lighthouse Virginia Woolf is use Oedipus myth. the myth of Rhea and the other. Myth of Oedipus complex we see in  James and Mrs. Ramsay character. it told the attraction between mother and son. In this novel described  relationship between mother and son. James more like his mother as compression between his father and mother. Because he doesn’t fee secure with his father. He think his father create distance between his and his mother. He heat his father sometimes he think to kill his father also.   In pagan myth Rhea, Demeter and Persephone, these are reflected in Mrs. Ramsay's character.

5. What do you understand by the German term 'Künstlerroman'? How can you justify that 'To The Lighthouse' is 'Künstlerroman' novel?

   Kunstlerroman deals with individual development. It’s about artistic growth. The Lighthouse following kunstlerroman.    Virginia Woolf growing up as a writer. She give a way of his thoughts and write with stream of consciousness. In this novel she writes minutely observation. She also write a very deep thoughts like two people talk together and that time one man think his mind so that thinking also write Virginia in this novel.

   The other that type of character in this novel is a Lily Brisco.  We see her paintings and noticed how she growing in her art skill.   She portrait James and Mrs Ramsay’s picture . Also finally she achieve her vision in the end part of the novel .





6. "... the wages of obedience is death, and the daughter that reproduces mothering to perfection, including child-bearing, already has on her cheeks the pallor of death. One reminded here of various texts by Lucy Irigaray, in which she attacks mothers for being, however unwillingly, accomplices in the patriarchal system of oppression." (Viola). In light of this remark, explain briefly Lily's dilemma in 'To The Lighthouse'.

    Mrs Ramsay and Lily Brisco both have a different personality .  One is follow the society rules and other is follow her skill and passion. Both have a different understanding for life. Perspective are different for each other. Ramsay believed  marriage and family are a good think . So she can’t force to everyone follow this. And Lily believe in broken patriarchy belief. She believes in freedom and live life her own way.  Mrs Ramsay pampered man’s ego like me Ramsay and after her death Lily do not do that she not pampered Mr Ramsay ego.  Both have a different Vision in her life.

7. You have compared the 'beginning' and the 'ending' of the novel and the film adaptation of the novel directed by Colin gregg.



     Novel starts with dialogue of James and Mrs. Ramsay, and it ends with Lily's completed painting.  And in the movie starting with Ramsay’s family going out side. In the film at the end Lily complete the painting and achieved her vision after that she going into her bedroom and consider her self as a fool. She is very confused about who is appropriate between her and Mrs Ramsay. Who is successful person.



8. How do you interpret the last line of the novel (It was done; it was finished.
Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.)

   We can interpreted lily achieve her vision but after done her paintings she constantly think about Mrs ramsay. She wanted to become like Mrs Ramsey. After doing painting she goes into the room. She telling her self Fool that she was a fool who thinks to become like Mrs Ramsey. "Closed doors, open window", the last of the film is also significant.

9. What does the catalogue named as 'Army and Navy' signify? What does cutting of 'Refrigerator'  signify?




10. Why did Virginia give such prominence to the tale of the “Fisherman’s Wife”? In particular, why did she weave such a misogynist tale into the fabric of a book which so eloquently challenges received patriarchal notions about the roles and capabilities of women?

     The story of Fisherman’s wife. It is a German fairy tale the Grime brothers collected this story. In this tale female character is weak and more demanding. It’s also a satire  on Ramsay. It’s also show how writer’s portrayed woman’s character like beauty conscious and always demanding. They used same style. Woman depending on her husband. In the lighthouse both are dependent on each other. But husband always demanding to see a record in economic. They  realise to woman they are dependent on her husband. Once time ramsay take many for renovat furniture and Mr Ramsay angry on her. And she daily pampered his but not realize to him. So it’s a different for  from woman a man.
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11. How is India represented in 'To The Lighthouse'?

Augustus Carmichael refers India as a land of desire and Mrs. Ramsay presented as purely Indian woman who constantly pampers male ego.

ELT : The role of English language in India

     Here is my answer upon the role of English in India. The 1st  unit The role of English in India. In this unit five types of essay.

 1.Teaching English as a "Second Language" in India. By Kapil Kapoor.

2. Teaching of EST in indian conditions by R S Sharma.

3. Teaching English as a Second Language in India: Focus on Objectives by Shivendra K. Verma.

4. Socio-cultural Dimensions English as a Second Language by Rekha Aslam.

5. "Teaching of English; A Plea for Practical Attitude" by  R K Singh.



1]  what is English language for you?

    According to me English is a global language. In the today’s time English is a  necessary to learn that language for all. English is a easy language to compared with other languages. It’s helpful to communication  with other country. We can  easy to understand different cultures and people to  this language.

2] Which kind of challenges you are facing and have faced while learning this language?

         The grammar is most  challenging for me specifically a  direct indirect speech. The other is I have low confidence to speak fluently English. Yes I understand English language but I can’t speak throw out English. Mostly have a struggle between 2 language  whenever I think fist in gujrati than  translate in English because we have no habited to only English speaking . We are living in India so mostly people don’t use English in every day life. So we don’t heard more English to conversation between two people. So it’s difficult.

3] Write in brief your understanding about any one essay.

     Here I talked about three essay by shivendra verma by “ Teaching English  as a second language in India” :
Focus on object
Functionally determined subcategories
There are 4 part of language
- First
- Second
- Foreign
- Classical
English is a national and individual level .
 He further decide this essay in 3 parts:-
● Bilingualism
● Trilingualism and
● Multilingualism
in this above essay Shivendra Sharma said that the main aim of the education system is to provide learner proper atmosphere for learning and make them realize their capabilities.

4] According to you which position English language should be given?

      According  to me Nowadays English language's craze very high. It’s very helpful language at any situation and place. Most of information are available in this language. Because we all have 2 main language  first mother language and other is second language English. This language also give a different identity then other people.

5] How you see your future with English language?

    We all know how people suffering for job in present time. So I think English language is given a batter opportunity than other languages. English is helpful to job. If you know English so you can give your ideas and understand others point and talk to good way. You can easily convince for job. And other is mostly parents think there children to study in English medium. So it’s a great time for English language .

Thank you