Tuesday, 8 October 2019

The post colonial literature

Name : Urvashi N. Chauhan
Roll no : 31
Enrollment no : 2069108420190008
M.A sem  : 3
Paper : post colonial literature
Email Id : urvashichauhan157@gmail.com
Topic : themes of Black skin White masks
Submitted to : Department of English MKBU




Introduction :-

            ‘Black Skin White Masks '  is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon. He was  a psychiatrist and post colonial thinker. The book is written in the style of auto-theory. in which Fanon shares his own experiences in addition to presenting a historical critique of the effects of racism and dehumanization, inherent in situations of colonial domination on the human psyche. This book originally  written in French In 1952 later on translated in English 1967.
 7Book Originally written in French in
 1952 later on
67Black  skin white mask divided into Eight  parts :

1 . The black man and the Language
2 . The Woman of Colour and the White Man
3 .The Man of Colour and the White Woman
4 .  The So called Dependency Complex of the Colonized
5 .The lived experience of the black man
6 .The black man and Psychopathology
7.  The black man and Recognition
8. way of Conclusion

Colonialism and diaspora


       In the broad sense ' Black Skin White Masks’ is a book about the powerful effect of colonialism on life in the 20th century.  Frantz  Fanon examine colonialism impact on black as well as white people in both colonized.  regions such as the Caribbean and in the countries of the colonizer such as France. While the twenty  century saw the official end of most of the Western empires that controlled vast stretches of the world. Frantz  Fanon shows that the  heredities of  colonialism continues to determine the way that people experience reality in the present.  Accurately he focuses on the experience of diaspora and the feelings of alienation that colonialism engenders within colonized peoples including both those who stay in their homeland and  those who like Fanon live in the country of the colonizers.

      Writer expresses his own struggle and experience  to feel a sense of home and belonging pointing out the ways in which colonialism is to blame for his sense of alienation. As a child educated in the French Caribbean colony of Martinique, he was taught to identify with French culture and to reject the parts of him that make him “other” inn essence, to disidentify with his blackness and his history as a member of the African diaspora. He write on Colonialism can be seen into the mind of people.
         They are lost their culture and identity. Throughout the book writer emphasize that black people are forced to exist into comparison to whiteness. White community forced to follow their culture and religion on black people. That was explained in Robinson Crusoe novel by Daniel Dafoe. We see in the novel how he forced to Friday to follow him. Into the novel Robinson ruled on Friday. Friday fell inferior than his master because of color and Robinson’s knowledge power. Friday lost his freedom or identity. So that all are effect of colonialism.

     He also explores the ways in which colonialism prevents people from the African diaspora from feeling a sense of community and belonging with one another. He admits The truth is that the black race is dispersed and is no longer unified. In  this reason black people outside of Africa are alienated from one another and from a sense of their own history, ancestry, and identity. Also  colonial racism discourages black people from colonized nations to identify with African. In that way writer shows that colonialism leaves its subjects bereft of a sense of belonging. either in their own culture or in that of the colonizing country. And therefore the most enduring  heritage of colonialism is perhaps psychological in its dimension resulting in the complete alienation of the colonized people.

Desire to the White

“The black man wants to be white. The white man slaves to reach a human level.”

   The desire is the major theme in black skin white masks.  is a desire on the part of Black people to be white. Fanon discusses this in relation to interracial relationships in chapter two and three . where having a white lover seems to provide access to a formerly prohibited white world. For Fanon the desire to be white derives from the power differential within a society.  Power play vital role in racism . white people have more opportunities than black people. And economic advantage  and they desire to become white. Black  people can not really  become white. They are  always be Black. according to writer  and so the desire to be white causes a psychological problem of losing a sense of one’s self. They suggested thought they whole life. In the hairy app we see how  Douglas  daughter call yank “ filthy beast”. How she compare yank with monkey . And yank go to zoo he suffered in his life. Same point shows Shakespeare in  “ Othello” Iago create misunderstanding between Desdemona and Othello. Othello have no confidence not believe on white people. And other example is Bluest eye Toni Morrison.


Racists Create Inferiority

       The other argument to which Fanon returns more than once is that Black people don’t naturally feel inferior. Instead  their sense of inferiority is produced by racist society. Because of the recognition involved in identity. white people create their own sense of superiority. And saying all Black people  are inferior. You can’t have superiority without inferiority and Black people come to have this position. As a result, getting rid of an inferiority complex in Black people isn’t just a matter of correcting a neurosis in an individual. It requires the transformation of an entire society in which this hierarchy of inferiority and superiority is perpetuated.



    Black people want to become white. They feel inferior than white people. White are considered as a intelligent and superior. Black man was not recognise as equal to white even back people are also not think that they also agree for that statement. They are suffering from skin tone .
Fanon says ' Broken the prison of past' see as a human being not as a black. They are suffering from mentally and physically. People think that black people consider as a unintelligent and ugliness or vice person. There no connection between whiteness or beauty but people think that.

Self image and self hatred

    in other themes Fanon argues that colonialism has corrupted people’s understanding of themselves. Black people have image of themselves that is distorted a negative image constructed by white colonizers. Black people experience the weight of being “hated, detested, and despised” by white society. This leads to feelings of shame and self-hatred. White peoples hated  the black people black people feel the same inherited from others. So mostly black people try to become more white  colonizer destroyed the self image of black people the head on skin colour so give self respect.
Conclusion

   so this all are the themes of black skin white mask black skin white mask based on the psychology condition of black and their condition of their life how they struggle in that case is offered from society psychology and physical how racism as a issue in society nowadays black people also in power position people think about Black are on civilized and wise person black people self attested and loss their self importance and suffering from inferior complexity.


Resources

https://www.litcharts.com/lit/black-skin-white-masks/themes/colonialism-diaspora-and-alienation

https://www.gradesaver.com/black-skin-white-masks/study-guide/themes

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